Climate Change Has Been Recently A Hot Debate Among...

Climate change has been recently a hot debate among politicians, industry experts and scientists, in particular after Paris agreement in Dec 2015. This agreement sets out a global action plan to limit global warming below 2 degree centigrade by reducing carbon emission (European Commission 2015). Fossil fuel combustion is the most important player in carbon emission although certain industrial processes and land-use changes have some contribution (Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2016). Therefore; it is believed that fossil fuel is one of the major parameters that plays a significant role in climate change. In this regard, Australia’s domestic emission is estimated to be approximately one and half million tonnes per day which means 73 kilograms per capita (Holmes2014). Compared to European Union, China and the world average with 27, 21 and 18 kg per capita carbon emission, Australia stands at a one of the highest levels in the world. It seems that the Australian government needs to la unch a plan to reduce the carbon emission by a steady decrease in fossil fuel consumption. Despite blaming the fossil fuel due to its significant role in climate change and its consequences, fossil fuel in any form, coal, oil and natural gas has undeniably been the major energy source for technology developments since industrial revolution era. Therefore, to reduce fossil fuel consumption, it is necessary to find out potential alternatives. There are some realistic options compatible with AustralianShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagescollection document in detail, paradox pervades the time span we call the twentieth century, no matter how it is temporally delineated. 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Adidas and its Ethical and CSR - 1441 Words

Ethics and corporate Social responsibility:- Ethics is defined as what is right and what is wrong. Every business should behave ethically. The moral principles that guide the way a business behaves are business Ethics. Ethics are moral guidelines to people or to an organisation which govern good behaviour. So behaving ethically is doing what is morally right. Doing an ethical business may always be not profitable but it will be more beneficial to company and the people involved in company as well as the people who are getting influenced by the company. If a company is acting ethically then it is trying to differentiate between right and wrong and then chose the right decision for everyone. It is very easy it identify any unethical†¦show more content†¦It provides a conceptual framework that enables Adidas stakeholders — from its 50,000 employees on through to suppliers, customers and communities — to better and more easily understand, assess and realize the multinational footwear and sportswear companyâ⠂¬â„¢s sustainability goals. Adidas 4Ps approach:- Recently Adidas have launched waterless dying technology known as DryDye technology. This technology instead of consuming 25 litters of water necessary to dye one t-shirt, the DryDye technology uses none–instead, the dye is injected using compressed carbon dioxide. The result is a garment using not only 50 percent less chemicals and energy, but in the long run has a lower environmental impact because the CO2-based dye actually lingers in the fabric longer. This concept helps in reduction of consumption of water in dying process. Before Adidas used to produce large number of samples for marketing purpose and we all know that samples produced where all wasteful. Now designers and marketers in Adidas are using Virtual technology which is far better and cost effective. In comparison to 2010 they have reduced the number of samples produced to 600000 in 2011/2012. It helps to save lot more of resources which would have being used in production of samples. 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Challenges Of Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation In Iran Larg

Questions: Identify Project concept, scope, aims and objectives and apply appropriate project management tools techniques for effective and successful implementation of the project and by using appropriate scope, time, quality and cost parameters. Appraise key aspects of the project management strategy to the organizational structure and business environment of the organization. Recommend a suitable structure and processes for project monitoring and control using relevant Project tools, techniques and graphic representation of data. Address organizational aspects like quality, risk management and include financial forecasting, uncertainty risk analysis. Integrate planning with estimating and budgeting, budgetary control and use an appropriate planning, execution, implementation and management strategy. Answers: Introduction The project that has been chosen is Successful ERP implementation for a manufacturing organization. The Project Manager will carry out the complete strategic business management. The process will include project management tools, techniques, and explanation of project life cycle, human resource management, communication plan and key deliverables. ERP stands for Enterprise Resource Planning and for a manufacturing oriented organization, automated system will help in error minimization[1]. Thus, the ERP implementation will relate and coordinate all the business units, manufacturing departments, inventories, and supply chain and accounts management. In this project, the management organization that has been chosen is Kohler Company. This organization deals with manufacturing furniture, tile, cabinetry, generators and engines. This is a private oriented organization and is old enough to support the overwhelming demands at present. Thus, the organization needs to install central based data system, such as ERP, which will help in understanding the present inventory and accounts possibilities[2]. Therefore, in this project, through Work Breakdown Structure and project management tools, ERP implementation will be delivered with several charts and tabulations. The main aim of this project is to reduce the expense for human resource and increase coordination among different departments such as suppliers, vendors, distributors, production unit, managers, inventories, warehouse and accounts. Project Management Plan The project management plan can be described in the following chart: Project Title: Successful ERP implementation for a manufacturing organization Project Manager: Executive Sponsor: Principal Stakeholder: Business Owner Project Charter: Implementation of ERP system for business development and sustainability Scope: Organization is currently progressing with increasing demand, hence with ERP implementation; automated process will reduce production time and technological development. Aim: Enhance the technological innovation and coordination of business units to ensure sustainability. Objectives: 1. To reduce overhead expense 2. To enhance communication and organizational sustainability 3. To create a central based data system Table 1: Project Management Plan (Source: Author) Stakeholder Identification Serial Number Stakeholders Explanation 1 Business Owner The main stakeholder of this project is Business Owner as he holds the political and financial assurance of the organization. The impact of the project will give the best result for the business owner, as the return on technological investment will generate sophisticated positive outcome. 2 Hired Engineers The organization at present has` very less technology usage. Thus, the automated system will need to be enhanced, which will include engineers from other sectors. 3 Sales and marketing department The affected business is not confined to one particular unit and thus, approval relates to sales and marketing department. At most of the time, the officials are not able to coordinate with the vendors and distributors, which will be addressed by ERP Table 2: ERP Project Stakeholder Identification Source: [3] Project Management Plan Figure 1: ERP Project Management Source: [4] Work Breakdown Structure Figure 2: Work Breakdown Structure of Project Source: [5] From the above WBS, four important activities can be identified, which are Project Preparatory, System Architecture Design, Business Blueprint and Configuration and development. Figure 3: ERP Work Breakdown Structure Source: [6] After signing-off configuration, defining authorization is required, which will be followed by data conversion, program development and system testing. Testing of system will help in identifying any problems that have been not taken care earlier. Figure 4: ERP Work Breakdown Structure Source: [7] This model is the final stage of ERP implementation as the system will be tested on existing system which will consist of training, testing and cut-over. Project Life Cycle Project Life Cycle of ERP implementation can be divided into 8 stages. Pre-evaluation Screening There are lots packages available for ERP implementation in the market. With too many packages, the business process becomes complicated[8]. Thus, for this organization, it needs to include less number of package as the business units are comparatively lower than multinational organizations. Evaluation Package After one particular package is selected, the organization needs to identify whether it has the capability of implementing the system, as ERP implementation costs a huge amount[9]. Thus, any package needs to be compared with alternatives and then progress will need to be initiated. Project Planning After the package is finalized, ERP implementation will start where roles, responsibilities, functions, time, resource, deadline and related costs will be segregated and aligned[10]. Work Breakdown Structure will be followed in this stage and each of the activities will be allowed ample amount of time and testing. Gap Analysis Post implementation, this phase is the most critical, as the organization will come to know about the systematic model. Organization will know where they are now and where they want to be in future. Even the best selected package will end by delivering 80% functional support, and rest 20% will contain unavoidable risks. Reengineering Any type of malfunctions and systematic problems will be mitigated by additional human resource deployment. This phase is after testing the WBS and necessary changes will be done in this phase so that system is more concrete and efficient[11]. Team Training In this stage, employees within the organization, who will test the automated system will be given training. Adequate time and cost will be allocated and even those employees will be selected who has the best experience and knowledge of the organization. Testing In this stage, the automate system will be tested in real case scenarios. Extreme cases will be tested such as system overload, invalid data entry, multiple user log in and accessibility of hackers. Weak link is used in this testing stage to determine the least possible risk[12]. Post implementation After testing and implementation is done, the consultants and vendors will operate the system and will confirm the go live. Employees, users and other stakeholders will be made aware of the system so that fluid functioning is processed in future. Figure 5: ERP Project Life Cycle Source: [13] Project Management Process Planning Financial planning is the main factor for ERP implementation. There are four elements of budgeting, which are software, maintenance fees, hardware and implementation services. Microsoft Dynamics GP is the software which has the same price all over the market. 18% of the total software cost will be allocated for maintenance fees. For infrastructure, new server will need to be purchased. Microsoft SQL server will be included in this section. Implementation services is completely unknown, which will vary as per the need of business. Monitoring In order to monitor, the consultants and project team will identify the faults in the system. The whole system will be made automated and thus, each of the departmental progress will be customized in this section. SQL server will help in restoring security evaluation and technicians will determine any alteration. Control Process Groups Control process groups will determine the following tools and techniques for ERP implementation: Database management tools Relational database like Sybase, Oracle, DB2, Microsoft SQL Multiple centralized data flow Interface with permission control Content writing ERP tool Logistics department tool Workflow management tool Modules and data repositories Agiloft Workflow Inetlex Business management Reporting tool Real time data review Browser based installation with charts/graphs/tables Communication tool Automated email and instant messaging Broadcast messaging Analytical tools Predictive analysis and data mining Task scheduling tool Clear vision of activity completion in WBS Current and future workload Table 3: Techniques for ERP Implementation Source: [14] Quality Total Quality Management During the project life cycle, Total Quality management (TQM) will be ensured if all the stakeholders are made aware of the business case. Stakeholders will consist of company executives, consultants, vendors, IT team, sponsors and external agency. Project success metrics will be set according to key success indicators. Business case will be supported by IT technicians from different agencies who will give the best management determinants. Each activity from WBS has to be completed and then next activity will commence. Quality Assurance With each stage of project life cycle, gap is projected. Amount of resource and functionalities are to be justified. Quality assurance will be justified at the time of testing the project by the consultants. Gap of the project can be minimized if each of the activities are looked after just after the completion. Figure 6: Gap Analysis Source: [15] Quality Control Project can be controlled by ERP models, Artifacts and Processes. Central standards need to be defined so that importance of operating life is justified. As the organization operates on cash basis, hence it need to move on to accrual-based practices for accounting, which will change the chart of accounts. Documents and reports related to artifacts are to be provided in weekly basis so that the progress can be tracked. Human Resource Management At present the organization is completely dependent on unitary business processes where all the departments are differentiated. Manual data input is followed and thus, Information Technology team needs to be incorporated. The key players for the project are: Key Players Key Activities Project Champion Team Acceptance of technology and incorporating strategies in the organization Top Management User education and training Consultant Implementation Project management Steering Committee Selection of appropriate package Project Team Customization Vendor participation Data conversion and analysis Change management Business process education Interdepartmental communication Table 4: Human Resource Management for ERP Implementation Source: [16] Steering and consultant team will have to be hired from other agencies who will select the appropriate package of ERP. Key Resources Key Resources Explanation Human Resource IT team Project Consultants Steering team Security team Departmental team Operational team Vendor Project Champion Team System Requirement Software Cloud based server (SAAS) Fitrix ERP License Linux Server Red Hat Enterprise Series SUSE CentOS Ubuntu Debian Hardware CPU: Pentium 4 CPU Speed: 2.8Ghz RAM 16 GB Processor: 64 bit Disk: 128 GB SATA Network Card: Ethernet (10/100/1000) Finance System Requirement $ 5,00,000 (Total cost) Maintenance and testing 20% of total cost IT Team 30 % of total cost Table 5: ERP Resources Source: [17] Organization Chart The steering committee will be responsible for ERP implementation, and thus the organizational chart is below: Figure 7: Organization Chart Source: [18] From the organization chart, it can be understood that steering committee will hold the complete project consisting of project manager and change management committee. The Project Champion Team will be for change management committee. Costing and accounting will be determined by product fabrication. Each of the vital departments such as marketing, accounts, inventory and logistics will have communication with ICT team and consultant team so that most flexible framework is achieved. Communication Plan Deliverable Info (What) Recipients (Who) Delivery Method (How) Schedule (When) Who is responsible Project Information Project Team Conference Calls Team Meetings SharePoint As needed Project Manager Project Status PMO Director Project Planner Email ePortfolio By 4pm every Monday By 12 noon every Wednesday Project Manager Agenda/Minutes Steering Committee Project Team Team meetings SharePoint Email Monthly Project Manager Timeline Update Executive Sponsor Mtgs Steering Committee SharePoint Meetings As needed Project Manager Project Updates Project Manager Conference Calls Team Meetings SharePoint As needed Project Team Project Risks Executive Sponsor Project Team Steering Committee Meeting Minutes Risk Documents As needed Project Manager Table 6: Communication Plan for ERP implementation Source: [19] From the above it can be identified that each of the deliverables will be communicated to the project manager. Project manager will stay in touch with the project requirements and key resources in accordance to activities in Work Breakdown Structure. Preliminary requirements will be done by conference calls and team meetings and SharePoint technology. Intermediate mails and ePortfolio will be generated for each of the members of project planner[20]. Once in a week report will be delivered to the manager and necessary communication will be done through the portals. Steering committee will create individual employee portal through which necessary communication will be done at the training and testing schedule so that any faults are identified immediately. Meeting minutes, test documents, team meetings, conference calls, emails and reports will be the mode of communication[21]. Milestone and Deliverable Figure: Milestone deliverable of ERP implementation according to timeframe Source: [22] The whole timeframe has been divided into 6 parts, and each part denote 6 months. From project planning to testing and training has been delivered for the total time frame of 3 years. The milestone and key project deliverables that can be understood from the above diagram are given below: Serial Number Key deliverables Explanation 1 Project and subsidiary plan Determination of project objective and scope 2 Kickoff presentation Provides the signal for starting the implementation and execution after approval from organization 3 Training courses for team Preliminary teaching of ERP course and system to the existing employees of the organization 4 Scenario list of business Each of the processes of the department is processed 5 White paper blueprint Each of the departmental operations are documented 6 Issues and gaps database Differences between calculated and projected outcome are ascertained, which helps in determining pertaining issues 7 Change management plan User skill upgradation is done by project team so that employees become flexible with the installation of new system 8 Presentation walkthrough Departmental business processes are presented that consist of marketing and sales, accounts, inventories and logistics 9 Scenario script Detailed instruction of each of the business scenario is displayed so that project manager gets to know about the project progress 10 Training courses for user The ERP application details and new operating methods are explained to the employees so that least error is expected 11 User documentation Each of the project deliverables are combined into one particular document in a form of report 12 IT specifications The detailed interfaces, customizations and special projects are displayed to the project manager 13 Migration Plan Mapping out tasks and legacy data entry for conversion will be done 14 Cutover plan Tasks of final week will be documented Table 7: Key deliverables of ERP implementation Project Source: [23] Business Risk The organization currently falls under SME and thus, with the implementation of ERP several risks may happen. Project Management The organization may fail to have timely decision making capability by the top management. Lack of initiative, slow decision making and insignificant communication among the stakeholders such as IT group, executive management and business owners may result in project risk. The project management office (PMO) selects the steering committee but often it is found that the members do not know about their responsibilities and information of the organization[24]. This may fail the ERP project management, leading to a huge loss of business. For the concerned organization, such risk is moderate and can be mitigated if the top executive gains motivation and initiative to implement ERP. Project Schedule and Plan Most of the ERP implementation projects fail because of improper timeframe and schedule[25]. For this organization, the whole timeframe has been divide into 6 parts, which is enough, but some of the activities are too much interdependent in WBS. This may delay the activities making the project more complex and resource consuming. The impact is huge for Kohler, as it may run out of resources and can be mitigated if number of staffs in steering committee is increased. Change management This organization is hundred years and most of the employee are old enough to understand the new automated system. Such advanced change may not be suitable for the employees, which may incur a huge loss for the organization. The severity of the risk is high and can be mitigated if new employees are recruited. New employees will be divided into each department who will stand for the organization future. Cutover Cutover indicates shutting down existing system prior to the ERP go live. Many employees will be deployed and new staffs will be added. This is moderate risk for the organization as it may not have the support of old employees and historical methods of handling the critical situation. This risk can be mitigated by extending the cutover time. Conclusion From the project management, it can be concluded that for a SME, Enterprise Resource Planning is vital for its sustainability. The organization needs to incorporate infrastructural change and for that system automation will help in best possible way of communication. From inventory to distribution, the production cycle will be enhanced leading to more sales and a competitive strategy in the industry. On the other hand, the organization will need to incur some risk related to finance and human resource. The timeframe is of 3 years, which is sufficient, but the WBS activities will have to be processed out efficiently so that project is accurately managed by all the stakeholders. Reference List Babaei M, Gholami Z and Altafi S, "Challenges Of Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation In Iran Large Organizations" (2015) 54 Information Systems Babu K and Bezawada M, "Enterprise Resource Planning" SSRN Electronic Journal Barrons K, "Flipped Instructional Technology:" (2015) 6 International Journal of Strategic Information Technology and Applications Botchkarev A and Finnigan P, "Complexity In The Context Of Information Systems Project Management" (2015) 2 Organisational Project Management Esendemirli E, Turker D and Altuntas C, "An Analysis Of Interdepartmental Relations In Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation:" (2015) 11 International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems Ferreira A, "Utilizando A Satisfao Dos Usurios Como Forma De Avaliao De Um Enterprise Resource Planning" (2015) 13 Exacta Grygorkiv V, Verstiak A and Grygorkiv M, "Market Analysis Of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems With Focus On Ukraine" (2015) 3 MEST Journal J.Albarakati A and Qayyum J, "Next Generation Enterprise Resource Planning: ERP II" (2015) 8 IJAIS J.Albarakati A, "An Overview Of Implementation Of Enterprise Resource Planning" (2015) 8 IJAIS J.Albarakati A, "Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Implementation In Institutions And Its Civilizing Temperament/Nature" (2015) 8 IJAIS Joslin R and Mller R, "Relationships Between A Project Management Methodology And Project Success In Different Project Governance Contexts" (2015) 33 International Journal of Project Management Link B and Back A, "Classifying Systemic Differences Between Software As A Service- And On-Premise-Enterprise Resource Planning" (2015) 28 Journal of Ent Info Management Orougi S, "Recent Advances In Enterprise Resource Planning" [2015] 10.5267/j.ac Patanakul P, "Key Attributes Of Effectiveness In Managing Project Portfolio" (2015) 33 International Journal of Project Management Rauth Bhardwaj B, "Sustainable Supply Chain Management Through Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): A Model Of Sustainable Computing" (2015) 1 IJMSBA Rehman Khan S and Qian Li D, "Case Of Civic Company: The Implementation Of Enterprise Resource Planning" (2015) 8 IBR Saide and Mahendrawathi E, "Knowledge Management Support For Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation" (2015) 72 Procedia Computer Science Sankaran S, "Call For Papers Special Issue: Project Management In The Non-Profit Sector" (2015) 2 Organisational Project Management Shannak R, "The Impact Of Implementing An Enterprise Resource Planning System On Organizational Performance Using Balanced Scorecard" (2015) 8 jmr Shen C, "Factors Of Data Infrastructure And Resource Support Influencing The Integration Of Business Intelligence Into Enterprise Resource Planning Systems" (2015) 9 International Journal of Intelligent Information and Database Systems Singh K and Best P, "Design And Implementation Of Continuous Monitoring And Auditing In SAP Enterprise Resource Planning" (2015) 19 International Journal of Auditing Venkadasalam S, "Linear Programming: An Alternative Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) In Higher Learning Institution" (2015) 6 Journal of Business and Economics [1] Mohammadreza Babaei, Zahra Gholami and Soudabeh Altafi, "Challenges of Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation in Iran Large Organizations" (2015) 54 Information Systems. 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Short story by John Updike free essay sample

As people age, maturity and wisdom is gained through every experiences. From the time a child turns eighteen and becomes an adult, they are required to deal with the realities of the real world and learn how to handle its responsibilities. In John Updikes short story, Aamp;P, the narrator Sammy, a young boy of nineteen, makes a major change to his life fueled by nothing more than his immaturity and desire to do what he wants and because of that, he has do deal with the consequences. From the beginning of the story, it is clear that Sammy does not likes his job, nor is he fond of the customers and people he is surrounded by each day. To Sammy, they are nothing more than sheep going through the motions of life. I bet you could set off dynamite in an Aamp;P and the people would by and large keep reaching and checking oatmeal off their lists and muttering ‘Let me see, there was a third thing, began with A, asparagus, no, ah, yes, applesauce! or whatever it was they do mutter. We will write a custom essay sample on Short story by John Updike or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Updike 616). He view them negatively; to him they are boring and useless, living dull and unimportant lives and its obvious through Sammy that he doesnt want to ever become one of them, nor does he want to be around them. It is also clear through Sammy and everyone else who works at the Aamp;P that the job is boring, simply by the way they react to the arrival of the three unique teenage girls. Granted the only people working in the store are men, they still find the arrival of the girls to be extremely exciting and an event worth waiting for. The stores pretty empty, it being Thursday afternoon, so there was nothing much to do except lean on the register and wait for the girls to show up again(Updike 617). They take pleasure in the girls visits, and when they do arrive, Sammy makes it clear that he is not the only one captivated by them; McMahon at the meat counter is seen sizing up their joints (Updike 617) and Stokesie expresses a constant fixation with the girls as well, which he shares with Sammy the first time they come into the store. Also, in contrast to the sheep, he views the girls as though they are superior to everyone else in the store. They stand out amongst the customers, walking against the usual traffic(Updike 616), and not blending in, and Sammy almost idolizes that; he sees the way their simplistic yet unique appearance and actions distinguish them and he seems to really appreciate it. About the Queenie he says, I mean, it was more than pretty(Updike 619). And in reference to the other customers reaction Sammy says, †¦ there was no doubt, this jiggled them. A few houseslaves in pin curlers even looked around after pushing their carts past to make sure what they had seen was correct (Updike 616). Although Sammy isnt really voicing a positive or negative stance on the issue here, he makes an effort to point out how unique and almost distracting they are to everyone in the store. It also becomes clear that Sammy wants to know more about them through his fixation with them, which may add to the reason he wanted to quit; he hoped to captivate their attention and gain their praise. When Sammy sees the store manager, Lengel, embarrass the girls, not only does Sammy see the ability to look heroic in front of his three mystery girls, like an unsuspected hero (Updike 618), he also sees the ability to get out of his boring nine to five job. Partially, because he is only nineteen and very immature in the way he views the world, he may have thought the girls would find him heroic. However, as soon as he quits his job he realizes that they didnt seem to care; it was just a silly childish fantasy he hoped would come true. After leaving the store, Sammy says I look around for my girls, but theyre gone of course (Updike 619) as though he knew from the beginning that although in his mind it may have seemed like something worth praise, they really wouldnt care at all. However, Sammy’s quit is more for himself that the girls in the long run, after all if it was really for the girls he wouldve ceased quitting the moment the girls rushed out and flicker[ed] across the lot to their car (Updike 618). However he proceeds even with the negative aspects attached. â€Å" ‘Sammy, you dont want to do this to your Mom and Dad,’ he tells me. Its true, I dont. But it seems to me that once you begin a gesture its fatal not to go through with it. (Updike 618). Even though he knows this will be difficult for his family he continues to quit. On one hand, he is being mature by not backing down and changing his mind once he realizes the girls are gone, because he is right in that when you make decisions you must follow through with them. However the decision to quit was stupid, drastic, and an immature one to begin with. The story ends with Sammy looking back at Lengel in the store, saying His face was dark gray and his back stiff, as if hed just had an injection of iron, and my stomach kind of fell as I felt how hard the world was going to be to me hereafter (Updike 619). The dark and unappealing imagery he uses to portray Lengel and the store hints that he still views it negatively and he is most likely content with his decision to leave. However he ends realizing how much damage this silly impulse can and will cause him. This may be a lesson for Sammy in which he learns from and gains some maturity; he learns that there are consequences and positives to every situation and it is his responsibility to deal with them as they arise. In this particular situation, although he is happy to not be in his job, he now has to deal with telling his parents he quit and telling them why he made such a rash decision. Then he must deal with their feelings on the matter and what actions they take; they may not care, or its possible, as the story and Lengel suggest, that they will be upset and he will have to deal with that. Regardless, he will definitely learn from this. Overall, the story of Aamp;P summarizes for Sammy, as Bruce Kellner states, â€Å"On first reading or last, the words on the pages of ‘Aamp;P’ do not change, but Sammy changes. Sammy takes a step towards maturity and towards learning; he learns about reality and how for every step you take there are consequences, and if you want something you have to deal with the issues that come with it.