Church and state essays

Church and state essays There are many different reasons that the separation of church and state is a good idea. On the contrast there are many different reasons that the union of church and state is a good idea as well. This has been an on going battle since the revolution, when we fought against religious persecution. It is said in many religions that Gods will is good, healthy and above all appropriate for all men and women alike. That God wants what is best for all his children. If the government were to represent Gods will, that belief would be instill to all the people (Gods people) of the nation. Consequently everyone who understands the meaning of Gods will would be a step closer to the better side of life (the right path). Another positive reason for uniting church and state would be that children might better understand their fellow man. They would be able to realize that even though there are differences between them in how they dress, eat, or choosing right from wrong, they all believe there is a higher power and that we all are Gods children. This belief would signify family values within larger communities. In this day in age some of the governments penalties for doing wrong seem to some as too harsh. Some people may think that the Death penalty is wrong, that a person doesnt deserve to die. He might deserve to rot in jail, but religion dictates that it is Gods decision. If religion were to influence the government, than the government might get rid of penalties that might be too harsh. Homeless people, most of the time, have the thought that God wasnt with him or her when there lives fell apart. This idea hangs over their heads and keeps them unmotivated and less likely to get back on there feet. If the government and religion were united, than churches might receive money and therefore would be able to help out the homeless more with shelters and other necessities. T ...

5 Easy Activities for Teaching Point of View

5 Easy Activities for Teaching Point of View The perspective from which a story is told is called  its point of view.  Understanding point of view helps students effectively analyze literature,  improves their critical thinking skills, helps them  understand the author’s purpose, and increases their ability to recognize potential bias. Types of Point of View First person: The main character is telling the story. Uses words such as I, we, and me.Second person: The author is telling the story directly to the reader. Uses words such as you and your.Third person: The author is telling the story, but is not part of it. Uses words such as he, she, and they. Some third-persons narrators are all-knowing, but others have limited knowledge. Types of Point of View Children’s books can make an excellent option for teaching point of view for all grade levels because they often offer concise examples. The three main types of point of view are: First person. A  first person point of view story  is written as if it is being told by the main character and  uses words such as I, we, and me. Two examples are Green Eggs and Ham by Dr. Seuss, or I Love You, Stinky Face by Lisa McCourt. Second person. A story told from the second person point of view puts the reader in the action by using words such as you and your. It can be found in titles such as The Monster at the End of This Book by Jon Stone or If You Give a Mouse a Cookie by Laura Numeroff. Third person. Stories written in third person show an outsider’s point of view using  words such as he, she, and they. Books written  in third person  include Stephanie’s Ponytail by Robert Munsch or Officer Buckle and Gloria by Peggy Rathman. There are two different ways third person books may be written:  omniscient and limited. Sometimes, third person point of view  is broken  down further to objective point of view in which the author acts only as a narrator. This style is prevalent in many fairy tales.  Ã‚   In a book using omniscient point of view, the author writes from an outsider’s point of view but  offers  the perspective of multiple characters.  Blueberries for Sal by Robert McCloskey is one example. A third person limited point of view tale is written  from an outsider’s perspective, but the reader only follows the story based on what the main character knows. Harold and the Purple Crayon  by Crockett Johnson or  Bread and Jam for Frances by Russell Hoban are two  examples. Using a Point of View Anchor Chart Anchor charts are visual aids to helps students work more independently. As an instructor teaches a lesson, the core concepts and relevant facts are added to the chart. The completed anchor chart provides students with a resource to which they can refer if they have difficulty remembering the steps or concepts of a lesson. A point of view anchor chart reminds students of the different point of view types with keywords and phrases and examples of the pronouns used to indicate each type. For example, a student reading If You Give a Mouse a Cookie reads the line, â€Å"If you give a mouse a cookie, he’s going to ask for a glass of milk. When you give him the glass of milk, he’ll probably ask for a straw.† He sees the keyword â€Å"you† that indicates that the author is addressing the reader. Based on the anchor chart keywords, the student  identifies the book’s point of view as  second person. Point of View Scavenger Hunt Help students become adept at correctly identifying point of view with a scavenger hunt. Visit the library or bookstore or provide a wide assortment of children’s books in the classroom. Give students a sheet of paper and a pencil. Instruct them to work on their own or in small groups, searching for at least one example (and listing its  title and author) of a book for each point of view type. Pronoun Perspective This hands-on activity will  help students gain a more concrete understanding of the three main points of view. First, divide a whiteboard into three sections: 1st person, 2nd person, and 3rd person. Next, select one student to perform an everyday activity, such as making a sandwich. The student will narrate each step using first-person pronouns as he completes it. For example, â€Å"I am placing two slices of bread on a plate.† Write the student’s sentence in the 1st person column.  Then, choose other students to restate the same sentence in 2nd and 3rd person, writing their sentences in the appropriate column. Second person: â€Å"You are placing two slices of bread on a plate.† Third person:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"He is placing two slices of bread on a plate.† Repeat the process for all steps of making a sandwich. Point of View Flip Help students understand how point of view changes a story. First, read or tell the traditional story of  The Three Little Pigs.  Discuss with students how the story would  change if it were being told in first person by  one of the pigs or the wolf, rather than being told in third person.   The third pig wouldn’t know anything that  happened before his brothers arrived, breathless, at his door. Is he relieved that he can help his brothers? Angry that they led the wolf to his house? Proud that his home is the strongest? After your discussion, read The True Story of the Three Little Pigs by Jon Scieszka, which relates the tale from the wolf’s point of view. Comparing Points of View Another way to help students understand point of view is to choose a book that tells the same story from multiple points of view, such as Voices in the Park by Anthony Brown. (Older students may enjoy using  Wonder by R.J. Palacio for this activity.) Read the book. Then, use a Venn diagram to compare the differences and similarities of the events based on two or more characters’ points of view.

Reaesrch Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reaesrch Analysis - Research Paper Example This was necessary in order to ascertain the accuracy of data and help in statistical analysis. On the part of Kramer, et al. (2008), they adopted randomized or true experiment research design in their study. It had a double blinded trial with placebo controlled comparison between children aged below six years using acetaminophen and ibuprofen. In these two groups, the two medications were alternated with placebo in order to check whether there was a 0.6o C difference between the groups. The rationale for designing this study in this way was so as to check temperature differences between the two groups under study. As such, it was proper because they were checking on the efficacy of these two antipyretic drugs. Link between the Research purpose/question and Design There is a definite link between the research question and design in the study carried out by Britz, J. A., & Dunn, K. S. (2010). The aim of this study was to check on quality of life of patients with heart failure in relat ion to deficits that occasionally arise from healthcare provision. According to Newell & Burnard (2006), data that is used in any scientific study should be collected or based on parameters that are a reflection of the desired outcome. In this regard, the data was collected from three different sources which touched on quality of life. In order to make the design more elaborate, personal data of the patients such as age was also incorporated into the study. The same is true for the study undertaken by Kramer, et al. (2008) who were trying to find the efficacy of two antipyretic drugs. From practice, it is clear that these two drugs acetaminophen and ibuprofen are commonly used interchangeably by pediatricians to handle fever problems in children. However, there have been doubts about their efficacy when used together. To check on these doubts, it was necessary to use a controlled double placebo randomized study design. Intervention in Each Study There were no interventions in both t he studies. The Independent and Dependent Variables In the study undertaken by Britz, J. A., & Dunn, K. S. (2010), the dependent variable is quality of life whereas the independent variables were specific self-care deficits. In this study, there was no blinding because it was a descriptive study that relied mostly on data from other sources. According to Newell & Burnard (2006), descriptive studies usually use data from other sources as opposed to data that is measured scientifically in a study. In this regard, the data were either obtained from the patients through questionnaires or from charts of patients. On the other hand, the study by Kramer, et al. (2008) had temperature as the dependent variables whereas efficacy of acetaminophen and ibuprofen was the independent variable. In this study, there was blinding on both groups under study since both of them were using the two drugs. In each group, the participants were supposed to be put on one of the drugs and placebo according to the required dosage prescribed. Each group was assigned a specific drug which was supposed to be administered alternating with the placebo. The pharmacist who administered the drugs to both the groups was not blinded and therefore knew what medication each group was being given and the schedule being followed. However, for the children, their parents and guardians were blinded as to which regimen was being administered to the subjects.

Physics in The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Research Paper

Physics in The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment - Research Paper Example This paper discusses the physics involved in the experiment and how it is used to understand the effect of changes in the atmospheric layers on the ozone layer over the Arctic pole. Various parameters like temperature, pressure, etc. have been measured by custom made apparatus like the interferometers, spectrometers, spectrophotometers, etc. Launch- ACE used two major instruments in the mission. While the first instrument was a Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS), the other instrument was a dual optical spectrometer (Bernath, na). It was launched by NASA on August 12, 2003 using a Pegasus XL rocket at 650km above the Earth. The satellite was launched at an angle of 740 and orbited the Earth to cover tropical, mid-latitude and the Polar regions. The satellite operated in the UV-Visible-NIR region of the spectrum with the ACE-FTS being used in the NIR region while the MAESTRO Spectrophotometer was being used over the UV-VIS-NIR region (ACE, 2009). FTS operated in the range of 2-13 microns with a high resolution of 0.02cm-1 and a vertical resolution of 4km to up to 150km. the MAESTRO spectrophotometer operated in the UV-VIS-NIR spectral region of 285-1030nm with a vertical resolution of 1-2 km. ... Apart from this information, the satellite was also used to provide vertical profile information for temperature, pressure and the various molecules and their mixing ratios present in the atmospheric layers (ACE, 2009). Constituents- The primary instruments in the satellite are the FTS and the MAESTRO. The ACE-FTS is a Michelson interferometer with two corner cubes for producing the path difference with an end mirror which increases the path difference. The interference fringes are produced with a diode laser operating at 1500nm which are further Fourier Transformed to give the spectra. It has two detectors operating below 100K. Two imagers, one a Visible imager and other a near-IR imager at 0.525 and 1.02 microns are used to study the atmospheric absorption of aerosols and the clouds in the region. These two wavelengths are used for study as they are free of any absorption by the molecules present in the two layers, particularly the stratosphere (Bernath, 2005, pp25-26). The altitude profile information is sun tracked by detectors with 256x256 pixel sensors and a field view of 30mrad and a signal-to-noise ratio of more than 1000. The MAESTRO uses two spectrographs in the two overlapping windows which are 280-550nm and 500-1030nm with a resolution of 2nm. It is noted that the use of two spectrographs enhances the stray-light performance and enables the simultaneous measurement of two spectral bands at a narrow resolution. It also consists of photodiode detectors and a concave grating with an entrance slit always held horizontal to the sunset and sunrise. It also has a vertical resolution of 1-2km and a signal-to-noise

Discussion Questions Essay Example for Free

Discussion Questions Essay †¢ In the video this week, Bill Goodykoontz discusses watching movies as a group in a theater versus watching alone, on computers, or in your home. Explain how the availability of movies has evolved over the last century. Which experience do you prefer and why? You can rent and own movies almost anywhere now, from your phone, computer and TV. I remember when going to the theater was the only way to see a movie, now you can get it right off your computer. We enjoy watching movies directly off from our Netflix account on playstation, its beats paying late fees going to blockbusters and they’re unlimited for a nice fee. †¢ In the Week Two Learnscape, you craft an introductory paragraph for Sen. Johnson for a speech he is giving on the impact of the Internet on politics. After scanning the sites you’ve been given, how comfortable are you with the credibility of the information you found on the Internet? What, if anything, makes you uncomfortable about the credibility of these sources? If you think the information is credible, explain why. Im not comfortable with credibility of the information found on the internet since I don’t know what I’m really suppose to be looking for. †¢ In this week’s video, Bill Goodykoontz discusses the value of critics in popular culture. Do you find value in criticism or do you prefer to experience movies, music, etc., without outside feedback? Explain your answers. Personally, experience movies, music, etc without outside feedback is what I prefer. It makes it harder to view someone else art when you read other criticism because than you expect that predicition †¢ In this week’s video, Bill Goodykoontz discusses having to stay true to your own reactions and experiences when evaluating art. Why is this so difficult to do? What do you think influences us most? Do you try to shape others’ opinions when sharing your thoughts about music and movies? It’s so difficult to stay true to your own reactions about art since there’s so many media and critics in the world. There’s other that try to point out the negative in everything which gets you to start thinking about it. Media has a great impact on what we believe in this world, and shape what we think of certain things. I’ll give my own opinion about music and movies, but I let them view it themselves before really giving my thoughts. †¢ Over the last century, do you think music has changed from being about artistic expression to being more about money and business? Is it even possible for a band or artist to make topical or political commentary in a song today while focusing on turning a profit? Yes, music this century hasn’t been artistic and seem more about the money. Music these days seem more alike with the same rhythm, beat, lyrics and etc. Though you can find a few music artist who have their own taste and don’t care about the money and business. I’ve heard that some artist and bands put political commentary in a song, but I hadn’t been able to capture them. †¢ Feedback Question: How are your time management strategies working for you? Which strategies have been most effective? What time management challenges remain? What may be done about those? Time management is still a tiny struggle, but I’m getting the hang of juggling work, school and my family. It’s just getting back in the schedule of doing work and getting the strength to get it finish. †¢ Feedback Question: How are your reading strategies working for you? Is reading the content of this course same or different from reading content in other courses? Is it easier or harder? Any suggestions for how to make reading this sort of content more effective for yourself? Reading strategies for this class has been a little difficult than my other classes. Their more material to absorb, therefore I need to make more time for it which I plan on doing. Also, I plan on taking notes as I go than review that same day, that way the material will be able to sink in a little more.

How Have I Changed As A Writer? :: Essays Papers

In the past three months I feel like I have accomplished a great deal. As the semester comes to an end I find myself reflecting not only how I have survived the first semester but also what I have learned. The most important thing I have learned so far is how to become a better writer. I did not think it could really happen to me. I did not think I could handle all the work. I did not think I could actually become a better writer. Some how after all the hours of writing, and putting effort into the papers that I wrote this semester, I became a better writer. I did this because I concentrated on two very important areas, with the attitude of, if I could just become better in those then I would become a better writer. With help from an awesome teacher and a reliable tutor I have become a better writer by improving my skills in the areas of procrastination and content. Procrastination has become such a bad habit for me. It is very hard to stop procrastinating everything once you have gotten into the habit of doing it. Once I had a term paper due for my religion class. It was to be ten pages long and we were told to spend a lot of time doing it. Being the procrastinator that I am, I waited to the very last minute to do it. I waited until the night before to do most of it. Needless to say, I was up very late that night. In this class there was always a part of the paper due on a certain date before the final paper was due. Having things due before the final paper is due keeps me on task and keeps me from procrastinating until the day before the paper is due. There was one paper which we had to get sources for a while before the paper was due and it forced me to keep up with the paper, rather than let it go to the last minute. This class has taught me that the earlier you start the more positive your final result will be.

Critical appreciation of the poem “Old Ladies’ Home” by Sylvia Plath with reference to the presentation of old age

George Orwell, one of English literature's most important and famous writers, draws the picture of a dystopia in one of his best known novels 1984. Being considered as a warning against totalitarianism, it is also possible to say that the novel puts forth a road map on how totalitarian regimes work and how certain ideologies are imposed on nations. Creating a world in which the worst possible totalitarian regime is present, Orwell also takes a very close look at the psychological states of people. The writer doesn't only deeply analyze what a totalitarian regime stands for but also introduces the themes of the importance of language, how certain ideologies can be imposed on people and how physical pain can control the human mind. Putting stress on the dreadfulness and the destructive nature of totalitarianism, and also by pointing out that nations can in fact be forced to admire and support such a regime, the writer makes his reader face the cruelest and most realistic aspects of such a horrific repressive regime. Before taking a closer look at the novel, it would be helpful to give background information about the era in which Orwell was influenced to create such a hellish world. 1984 was written in 1949, when Fascism was on the rise, right after the Second World War, when Hitler was defeated and Stalin had performed his cruelest acts. Having worked in Spain in 1936 during the Spanish civil war, Orwell witnessed the cruelty of fascist regimes and had already collected his dreadful memories which lead him to write his political novels. Regarding Orwell's intention in writing 1984, Jenni Calder in her book Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four states: To anyone who was in Britain in the years immediately after the Second World War, and particularly in London, the sights and smell that Orwell recreates will be familiar†¦ In 1984 he translates this situation in to the future by adding details that are unfamiliar (57). Thus, it becomes possible to say that as a result of the world's existing state at the time Orwell wrote 1984, he was deeply concerned about the future and that his pessimist attitude in his novel acted as a warning and as a criticism of totalitarian regimes. Adriaan M. De Lange, in his book The Influence of Political Bias in Selected Essays of George Orwell says, â€Å"The rise of Fascism, Nazism and Stalinist communism in Europe and the resultant tremors in Britain left an indelible mark on Orwell's thought and work (1). † At this point taking a closer look at Orwell's intentions in writing 1984 from the perspective of the Marxist Hungarian critic Georg Lukacs would be convenient. Due to his theory of â⠂¬Å"Reflection† Lukacs claims that literary works would reflect the hidden aspects of the social and political era in which they are written. Parallel to Lukacs' â€Å"Reflection† theory, Orwell reflects his concerns deriving from the political state in which he lives through fiction. Regarding 1984 Calder states, â€Å"Orwell is underlining a psychological as well as a political truth here, which is demonstrated in the kind of mass embracing of authorial influence that came with the rise of Nazism and Stalinism (63). † While the era in which 1984 was written marks itself with political depressions, it also hints that the world was within a phase when totalitarian and fascist regimes were condemned as a result of the devilish acts of Hitler and Stalin. While taking a closer look at the book and the themes it introduces to the reader, the theme of the importance of language gains significance. â€Å"Newspeak†, Oceania's official language, consists of limited words which are created by party members. The language totally deletes some words which are present in the English language such as â€Å"excellent† or â€Å"splendid† and replaces them with an extremely plain word such as â€Å"plusgood†. Changing the language and limiting it in number of words becomes a matter of importance since language is one of the most important tools of expression and thought for human beings. Deleting complex words and limiting language also limits the thoughts of people and enables the party to delete certain concepts from people's minds. As Syme explains Winston how important it is to change the language he says, â€Å"Don't you see that the whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought? In the end we shall make thought crime literally impossible, because there will be no words in which to express it (60). † Analyzing Syme's comment on language, the reader comes to the realization that it is the language itself that makes people think. Hence it becomes understandable that being a totalitarian regime, the party doesn't want its people to think, since thinking may lead to original ideas and thus to through crime. By lowering the language to a very simple state, the party cleverly paralyzes the brains of its people and disables them from thinking. As Syme continues to explain the real aim of the party in creating Newspeak, he also mentions one important topic about language forming concepts. He says: How could you have a slogan like â€Å"Freedom is Slavery† when the concept of freedom has been abolished? The whole climate of thought will be different. In fact there will be no thought, as we understand it now. Orthodoxy means not thinking-not needing to think. Orthodoxy is unconsciousness (61). In trying to understand Syme's remark on language, it might be useful to think of Ferdinand de Saussure's theory that discusses whether concepts or objects would really exist if they were not expressed in language. According to Saussure, what makes a concept present is the language itself. He claims that the world is a whole and that the language divides this whole in to separate pieces to make it become more understandable. Thus, a concept or an object which isn't expressed by language wouldn't exist. When â€Å"Newspeak† is concerned, one may claim the same thing. If the word â€Å"Freedom† doesn't exist in Oceania anymore, there wouldn't be such a concept. Thus, one of the most important problems that threaten the party would be removed. When these facts are concerned, simplifying language and removing words that are used to express threatening concepts, would perfectionalize the regime in terms of the obedience of people. Another remarkable aspect about language is that it is one of the most important things that make human beings privileged when compared to animals. As a result of the ability to think, human beings can speak. Thus, decreasing language to a minimum level in words and expression also means the dehumanization of human beings. Limiting people's one and very important ability to think and speak, the party tries to dehumanize human beings and make them become animal-like creatures. Hence, it would be far easier for the party to have full control over its citizens. While language plays a major role in shifting people's thoughts to fit in the Totalitarian regime, another striking aspect of the novel is the theme of how certain ideologies can be imposed on people. As a starting point, the party chooses to change and destruct the past. Replacing true history with a fictional one which glorifies Oceania makes the already powerful party become even more invincible. As it is stated in the novel: And if all others accepted the lie which the Party imposed-if all records told the same tale-then the lie passed into history and became truth. Who controls the past,' ran the Party slogan, ‘controls the future: Who controls the present controls the past. ‘ And yet the past, though of its nature alterable, never had been altered (40). The party creates a kind of reality by creating a past of its own. Since when there's no one who has any historical documents saying that the party's history is shifted from the truth, the party's recreated history w ill become the truth. Hoping that there should be more than this in life, Winston tries to find a proof that the past wasn't always like this and that the past was based on a much better world. Winston tries to link himself with the past. He writes a diary using a pen. The pen, being an object belonging to the past, symbolizes Winston's need for the past and trying to find a little something which would connect him the past that he doesn't know about. Thus, the manipulation of history, in this sense, is directly related to the manipulation of people living in Oceania. Thinking that the world has always been like this, people don't have any expectations from the future and they accept the current regime in all its ways, since they don't have alternatives. However, when Winston is concerned, he is one of the rare citizens who think that the past couldn't be like this and that there was a totally different world. Knowing that history has been changed, Winston wants to find out about the true history. Looking at the issue from Winston's psychological perspective, it might be possible to say that Winston, unhappy in the world he lives in, needs hope for the future. Not knowing what the past was like disables Winston to locate himself somewhere in the future. When the theme of history is regarded, the antique shop can be considered as a symbol of the past. Winston gets deeply interested in the shop starting from the first moment he sees it, as it functions as a page from the past, which isn't manipulated and changed by the party. The paperweight which Winston buys from the shop can also be considered as a symbol of the past. Being a long lost object which Winston doesn't know about, the paperweight functions as what is â€Å"different† and â€Å"unfamiliar† and it gives Winston little hope about a better future. â€Å"Doublethink†, which simply means â€Å"telling deliberate lies and believing in them†, also functions as another aspect about imposing ideologies. The slogans, for example, are products of the â€Å"Doublethink† principle. Orwell uses binary oppositions that say â€Å"War is Peace†, â€Å"Freedom is Slavery† and â€Å"Ignorance is Strength†. He then places them as the main mottos of the party. As doublethink plays a very important role in conditioning people, it also becomes one of the most important sources which provides the regime with permanence. â€Å"Doublethink† marks itself as one of the most important tools of the party, since it's the basic element that makes people favor war. The reason why the party wants people to be in favor of war is once more related to the power theme. Paras Mani Singh, Nardeep Singh Juneja mention in their book Orwell as a Political Novelist that: The only way that Oceania can exist as a state is for it to wage a constant war, the whole structure of society and state is geared to wartime economy and austerity. If there should be peace, the citizens of Oceania might reasonably expect better living conditions, better food and less control by the government (123). Thus, the motto â€Å"War is Peace† becomes very important for the party in order to keep the citizens of Oceania satisfied. Making them watch movies of war and manipulating people in such a way to make them laugh when they see a woman hugging a little child to protect it from bullets, shows how a totalitarian regime would succeed in making people become fond of violence and cruelty. The motto â€Å"Freedom is Slavery†, on the other hand, is related to the idea of being free both in physical and psychological terms. Since freedom of thought and expression are threats to any totalitarian regime, the party replaces the understanding of the concept of â€Å"Freedom† through â€Å"Doublethink† and it creates an irrational way of understanding for its people. Due to the fact that the people of Oceania are anything but free, for they are being watched constantly, it also becomes necessary for the party to make its citizens believe that freedom is a negative thing and that it is nothing but slavery. A this point it might be suitable to mention Foucault's idea of the prison model the Panopticon, that functions as a system that disables the prisoners to know when they are being watched, thus to make them act in proper manners 24/7. Paul Rabinow, in his article The Foucault Reader states: On the whole, therefore, one can speak of the formation of a disciplines society in this movement that stretches from the enclosed disciplines, a sort of social â€Å"quarantine,† to an indefinitely generalizable mechanism of â€Å"panopticism (206). Thus it would be possible to say that Big Brother, in the novel, functions as the Panopticon for the citizens of Ocenia, since people never know when they are being watched and due to their fear towards the existing totalitarian power, they act in proper manner when the sanctions of the regime are concerned. As the last motto â€Å"Ignorance is Strength† is concerned, the party makes its final stroke on the big picture by saying that none of these things should be thought through, since ignorance and accepting things just the way they are is a kind of strength. By doing so and by applying these mottos, the party blocks all the ways for its citizens to rebel against the system. The concept of â€Å"Thoughtcrime†, gets under the spotlight at this stage, since despite all the cautions taken against any threat or rebellions against the system, the party guarantees its permanence by also limiting the thoughts of its citizens. Having mentioned that the act of thinking itself is an undesirable act for the regime, the party strictly watches people in all their actions. The screens which are placed all over the city and even in the homes of citizens, completely removes the privacy of Oceania's people. Big Brother's picture staring at its citizens and controlling them in every action they take strengthens the idea of the totalitarian regime in the novel. Looking at Big Brother's picture symbolically, it may become possible to say that Orwell draws parallelism between the picture of Stalin and Big Brother. Drawing the picture of a totalitarian regime, Orwell points out the main principles of how such a regime would succeed. As Robert J. Savage, James Combs and Dan Nimmo quote Jane Kirkpatric's words in their book The Orwellian Moment: In a recent and well known essay, Jane Kirkpatric describes totalitarian societies as ones which drive to establish comprehensive political control over the lives of individuals, obliterating in both theory and practice the distinction between public and private, between objective and subjective, claiming for the state the whole life of people (47). Removing privacy is preventing people from thinking. People mostly think when they are alone and when they are in solitude. For this reason, the party completely removes the chance for its citizens to be alone, thus to think. Thinking is an important theme in the novel since it links the reader to the concept of forming an identity. People who think can have their own views about life and can be considered as individuals. Removing the concept of being an individual is one of the most important goals of the party, since individuality is a threat to any totalitarian regime. As Goldstein lectures Winston in room 101 about individuality he says, â€Å"Can you not understand, Winston, that the individual is only a cell? The weariness of the cell is vigor of the organism. Do you die when you cut your fingernails? (302)† Thus, it becomes plain to see that for the party, being an individual isn't a matter of importance, on the contrary it is something which isn't favored. Since the party only considers being a whole as something important, individuality is something which it wants to completely destroy. Taking a closer look at the novel, it can be said that Winston's ache in his ankle is also a symbol of his individuality. Before meeting Julia, Winston continually mentions an ache in his ankle and when he finally meets her, he mentions that the ache disappears. At the end of the novel when Winston is caught by the party and when he's being tortured in room 101, he receives blows on his ankle. Being an ordinary Oceania citizen, Winston first lacked his individuality. However starting from the moment he meets Julia and starts to have an affair with her, he regains his individuality, for he becomes able to experience something which is private and individual. Winston's love to Julia makes him become separate from the crowd and makes him become different from the rest of the people in Oceania, who have no intention to feel love at all and who only consider marriage as a duty which should be fulfilled for the sake of the party. Sexual life, amongst the people of Oceania is seen as a mission to reproduce and create other useful and loyal citizens for the system. However, the theme of love in Winston and Julia's case individualizes the couple not only in terms of the love they feel for one another, but also in terms of their meetings which they think are in private. Winston and Julia meet in secret places where they think they aren't watched and they get total privacy. Since lacking privacy also disables the people of Oceania from becoming individuals, they are also indirectly disabled from becoming human beings. Dehumanizing people by forbidding them to love and killing all their feelings towards compassion, mercy and affection, puts them in an animal-like state. This animal-like state, however, is totally perceived as normal and humane by the party and is presented as something which is favored. Citizens who don't posses this animal-like state are perceived as ill. At the end of the novel Winston is referred to as â€Å"cured† when he finally draws 2+2=5 on the table and perceives the principles which the party imposes on him with torture. Winston is considered as a person with an animal-like state since he felt love for another human being. The party treats Winston as if he is ill only because he questions the party's policies and only because he loves a woman. At the end, when Winston is freed from all the â€Å"inhumane† feelings such as doubt or love, he is again regarded as a healthy person by the party. When the theme of humanizing and dehumanizing is concerned, the Proles play an important role. The Proloes, symbolizing a rebellion against the party, are referred to as animal-like creatures; however Winston manages to make a distinction between his own people and the Proles by saying, â€Å"The proles are human beings. We are not (191). † Winston and Julia's love affair in this sense can be regarded as a rebel against the party and as a struggle to become humans and individuals. As Winston's thoughts about Julia are revealed, it's stated: In the old days, he thought, a man looked at a girl's body and saw that it was desirable, and that was the end of the story. But you could not have pure love or pure lust nowadays. No emotion was pure, because everything was mixed up with fear and hatred. Their embrace had been a battle, the climax a victory. It was a blow struck against the Party. It was a political act (145). As stated, the love affair of Winston and Julia is perceived by them as a rebellion against the party. Since the party is so much full of hatred, love becomes a rebellion against it. Being an important theme in the novel, Orwell also stresses that physical pain can control the human mind. Towards the middle of the novel when Julia and Winston are having one of their regular chats about the system as they say: I don't mean confessing. Confession is not betrayal what you say or do doesn't matter: only feelings matter. If they could make me stop loving you- that would be the real betrayal. She thought it over. They can't do that she said finally. It's the one thing they can't do. They can make you say anything- anything- but they can't make you believe it. They can't get inside you (192). Despite the firmness of Julia saying that nobody can make her feel something or can make her think something, at the end of the novel, the reader comes to the realization that through physical torture, one can be made feel and believe in anything. As Goldstein tells Winston what he thinks about confessions, he says, â€Å"All the confessions that are uttered here are true. We make them true (291). † The fact that the party does really make the confessions become true, is based on torturing people. Despite the human mind seems to be far away concealed in the skull, Orwell puts forth that physical pain in fact can rule the human mind. As stated in the novel: On the battlefield, in the torture chamber, on a sinking ship, the issues that you are fighting for are always forgotten. , because the body swells up until it fills the universe, and even when you are not paralyzed by fright or screaming with pain, life is a moment-to-moment struggle against hunger or cold or sleeplessness, against a sour stomach or an aching tooth (117). The basic human instinct of survival is actually based on physical aspects. Unless the physical wellbeing is fulfilled and satisfied, there's no rest for the human being. Relating this fact to the basic human instinct of survival, Orwell states that although it looks like the human mind is separate from the physical being, they are in fact directly related and that the physical suffering has the power to rule over the mind. As this is the case, the novel also clearly puts forth that at the end, Winston totally changes his thoughts about the system and even about Julia. In the end after being released from torture, Winston draws 2+2=5 on the table and believes in it. Again, at the very end of the novel Winston says that he has won the battle against himself and that he now finally loves Big Brother (342). Another fact about physical pain ruling the human mind is revealed in the case when Winston and Julia meet again after being released from torture and when they can't feel anything towards each other. As a result of torture and as a result of their survival being threatened for such a long time, both of these human beings have lost their feelings of love towards another human being. Orwell's message at this point might be based on the theme that after being threatened in existence and after being exposed to a tremendous amount of torture, human beings instinctually come to think of only themselves. As Winston and Julia confess to each other that they have betrayed one another in the novel, the heart breaking truth is being revealed that human beings, in depth, are based on the instinct of survival and that they are unconsciously selfish. The novel states: I betrayed you, she said baldly. I betrayed you, he said. She gave him a quick look of dislike. Sometimes, she said they threaten you with something- something you can't stand up to can't even think about. And then you say, don't do it to me, do it to someone else, do it to so-and so. And perhaps you might pretend, afterwards, that it was only a trick and that you just said it to make them stop and didn't really mean it. You think there's no other way of saving yourself, and you're quite ready to save yourself that way. You want it to happen to the other person. You don't give a damn what they suffer. All you care about is yourself (336). The sad fact that human beings do only think of themselves and that they are selfish in nature is once more revealed by this remark. However, it is also evident in the novel that human beings who are exposed to torture lose the ability to love and think of other people. Thus, it becomes a fact that physical pain is so strong that it has the ability to erase all sorts of feelings which are related to the wellbeing of other people. Due to their instinct of survival, human beings become ready to sacrifice even people they love, to save themselves. Looking at the party from a religious point of view is also a possible theme in the novel. Being free from all the beliefs which are related to God and his religions, people are still in need to believe in something. The party at this point functions as religion for the people of Oceania, since they are blocked in all the ways which lead to a power that is greater than the party. Thus, representing themselves and the divine power, the party introduces itself as God. The religious motives are present in the novel when Goldstein offers Winston and Julia some wine, and later places a white waffle both on Julia and Winston's tongues so that they don't smell of alcohol. The ceremony which is presented here is similar to the Catholic rituals that take place in church. Believers are offered some wine which symbolizes the blood of Christ and they are placed a piece of bread on their tongs to symbolize the body of Christ. Going through a similar ceremony with Goldstein, Orwell in fact makes a foreshadowing that even the opposition, which stands for Goldstein at the beginning of the novel, is in fact one of the closest persons to the party. Thus, there is no way out of the system. If this theme is compared to the theme of religion, the devil, who is the opposing party to God, is in fact an angel and that it is again strongly related to God. Drawing parallel lines between the party and religion, Orwell states that the Party is God like figure for the people of Oceania and that there's no escape from it. In conclusion, speaking in general terms, the novel functions as a warning against the totalitarian regime and reveals the fact that such repressive regimes, do in fact have the power to manipulate people and that they do have the power in making people believe things which appeared as totally bizarre at the beginning. Taking physical pain ruling over the human mind as a theme, Orwell states that human beings are selfish in nature, since they posses the basic instinct of survival. Putting also major emphasis on the concept of language and how it functions in people's lives, Orwell states that it is in fact the language itself that shapes the motives of people and that makes some concepts become reality. The lack of expression of some concepts in language would automatically destroy them and make them become nonexistent for human beings. Despite the novel as a whole appears as a pessimist approach to the future, taking it as a warning and looking at our present state in today's modern world, readers can still feel gratitude for the present capitalist system they live in now and they still can preserve their hope for a better future.

Do the Right Thing (Spike Lee) Film Analysis

Color Evokes Emotion Spike Lee, the director of Do the Right Thing (1989), makes sure the audience understands how the heat is affecting the characters on the day the film takes place, and to do this he uses color. To subtly express how heated, physically and metaphorically, the characters in the film are, Lee uses warm colors such as red and orange. Likewise, he rids the presence of warm colors and uses cool colors such as blue and white in order to signal to the audience that things have cooled down and the atmosphere has a more loving vibe . From beginning to end Lee makes sure that the audience is aware of the temperature outside.The film uses the words hot and heat a countless number of times throughout the movie, but Lee also uses visuals to engage a sense that is not generally used to identify with temperature . The color red is present in the clothes that the characters wear, the buildings the characters live in and are in front of, and it is the color of numerous props in th e film. For instance, the hottest location in the film, the Pizzeria, had tabletop items, small decorations on the seats and walls, and even the color of the brick oven were a very vivid red that really stood out.The same subtle usage goes for the color orange, but in addition street lights are an orange color, and there is a eye-straining orange tint to the entire film. Lee uses these warm colors to allow the audience connect with the characters, and helps them feel the frustration the heat adds to the already riled up characters. The presence of these heated colors also help enhance the notion of heat, for this film, representing the tension amongst the different races, and the minorities towards the whites. During the climax of the film the Pizzeria is set into flames, and its heavy orange glow is reflected on the faces of Sal and his sons.In the couple of scenes where tension is not so high, and people are not completely suffering from the heat, Lee removes the orange tint and w arm colors and instead replaces them with cool tone colors such as blue and white. Specifically, in the scene where the two boys unscrew the fire hydrant and use its water to entertain and cool off the people of the neighborhood the audience will notice an absence of the orange tint and the presence of people wearing blue and white. This cooled down scene is then interrupted and upset by a white man driving a car that happens to be red.Lee also uses the cool toned colors to show love. When the main character, Mookie, and his baby’s mother, Tina, are having an intimate moment he has her remove the clothes she has on which happen to be warm colors. Similarly, when he goes to the freezer to retrieve an ice cube his son and Tina’s mom are in there, both dressed in blue shirts. Taking away the warm colors and orange tint allows the audience to feel the same kind of sense of relief as the characters feel in theses scenes. Lee’s usage of color is to help the audience f eel, on a deeper level, what the characters in the film are feeling.Whether it be from the actual heat of the sun or the heat produced by the tension in the neighborhood and with â€Å"the man†. The most tension and hate filled moment in the film is topped off with a fire burning bright oranges and reds. Lee also made sure to allow the audience to experience more than just hate (or heat) by including scenes that did not have an orange tint or warm colors, but instead cool colors. Lee successfully appealed to the audience’s feelings through the use of colors and made sure they could connect with the characters more personably.

Polisci essay questions essays

Polisci essay questions essays 1. What is an International System and which are the main actors in international relations? Explain. An international System is a set of relationships between the worlds states, where there are certain rulers and patterns of interaction between the states. These rules include who is considered a member of the system, what responsibilities and rights they may have, and what kind of discussions occurs between the states. The states themselves are one of the most important actors in IR. Another includes the decisions of the worlds governments and how they act. Also, leaders, citizens, corporations, and terrorists are main actors of international relations. (11) 2. What are the three most important theories, or ideological Interpretations of world politics? Explain and give examples. Conservative, liberal, and revolutionary world views. Each is a different way of looking at the world where different circumstances may seem important whereas other things are not as important. In a conservative world view there is an eye generally on laws in politics. International security and military is very important where value is very important to them. They also do not like change and think that war is the best solution for everything. Liberal world view is one that seeks for an evolutionary process of change which are usually gains in IR. Wealth under their view is more important than having more power compared to other states. They seek freedom in terms of free trade which we have here in the United States. They have the opposite view as the conservatives about war where they think that war is a mistake in the first place that should be minimized by organizations where we have today like the UN who makes rules and regulations regarding situations like this. Revolutiona ry world views seek for quick changes. This view looks deep into unfair problems in IR and want to quickly changes these conflicts. These changes have been see...

Understanding the Argument Against Eating Veal

Understanding the Argument Against Eating Veal Veal is the meat from young calves (as opposed to beef, which is the meat from adult cows). Along with foie gras and shark fins, veal has a bad reputation because of the extreme confinement and cruelty involved in the way veal calves are raised on factory farms. From an animal rights perspective, eating calves violates the calves right to freedom and life, regardless of how well they are treated when they are being raised. As far as animal activists are concerned, theres no right way to eat veal. Mistreatment and Early Slaughter Veal is meat that comes from the flesh of a slaughtered calf (young cow). It is known for being pale and tender, which is a result of the animal being confined and anemic. Typically, instead of living on his mothers milk, the calf is fed a synthetic formula that is intentionally low in iron to keep the animal anemic and keep the flesh pale. The calves used in veal production are a by-product of the dairy industry. Adult female cows used in dairy production are kept pregnant in order to keep up their milk supply. The males who are born are useless because they do not make milk and they are the wrong breed of cow to be useful in beef production. About half of the female calves will be raised to become dairy cows like their mothers, but the other half are turned into veal. Calves destined to become veal spend most of their eight-to-sixteen-week lives confined to small wooden or metal cages known as  veal crates. This prison is barely larger than the calfs body  and too small for the animal to turn around. Calves are also sometimes tethered so that they dont move around too much, which keeps the flesh tender. Fortunately, veal crates have been banned in some states including California, Arizona, and Maine. Bob and Slink Veal Bob veal and slink veal come from newborn calves which were just a few days or weeks old at slaughter. Slink and slink veal comes from unborn, premature, or stillborn calves. Unborn calves are sometimes found when an adult cow is slaughtered and happens to be pregnant at the time of slaughter. Meat from unborn calves is now illegal for human consumption in the U.S., Canada, and some other countries, but their hides are used for boots and upholstery and their blood is used for science. As crates are being phased out, bob veal is gaining in popularity. Without the confinement of a crate, the calves move around and their muscles toughen. Because the calves slaughtered for bob veal are so young, their muscles have not yet developed and are very tender, which is considered desirable. Is humane veal a real commodity? Some farmers now offer humane veal, meaning meat from calves that are raised without veal crates. While this addresses some peoples concerns about veal, animal advocates tend to believe that humane veal is an oxymoron. From an animal rights perspective, it doesnt matter how much room the calves have before they are slaughtered- theyre still slaughtered! The animal rights goal is not to give the calves more room or to feed them a more natural diet, but for people to stop eating these meats altogether and switch to a  vegan lifestyle.

Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Entrepreneurship - Essay Example About London Eye London Eye is a hotel and restaurant that will operate in London. The main reason for opening this hotel is that London has always been one of the most attractive tourist destinations for visitors in the United Kingdom. There are several places that attract the attention of tourists, such as Big Ben, Buckingham Palace, Madame Tussauds and many more. The hotel will be easily affordable to every type of visitor irrespective of their purpose, such as individual tourists, tourists in groups and visitors on business purposes. The hotel will have five floors with ten rooms in each. It will also provide restaurant facilities where not only hotel guests but also outside visitors can come in order to dine. The hotel will have conference halls for official meetings, conferences and seminars, as well as banquet halls for parties, marriage ceremonies and other family functions. The hotel will also have its own swimming pool, shopping mall, gym and other entertainment amenities f or kids. This total project is expected to incur a cost of ?2 million. Mission of London Eye The main aim of the hotel is to provide their customers with a warm and friendly ambience where they can enjoy alone or with their family. It is a place where the customers can expect to get everything of an optimum quality and at affordable prices. The hotel will attract its customers with its warm, soothing tone and elegant decor. The rooms, along with the restaurant, will have comfortable furnishing. The warm and friendly behaviour of employees as well as the environment of the hotel are expected to offer a pleasant and memorable experience to the customers. Overview of the Whole Plan The construction of the hotel will begin in March 2014. For building the hotel, a renowned construction company has been hired and deals have been finalised. It has prior experience in constructing resorts and shopping malls, and has assured to use quality raw material, advanced technology and skilled labour with sufficient expertise in this field. Its architect has designed the outlay of the hotel considering the preferences and favours of both local and international customers. For the interior of London Eye, professional designers have been hired with prior experiences in designing interiors of hotels of international standards. The hotel will have different categories of rooms for different types of customers. Business suites are rooms with one bed, especially for customers on business trips. Family suites are specially designed for large families who are generally on vacation, mainly consisting of large size beds and special facilities for kids. Honeymoon suites are designed for honeymoon couples with facilities such as a candle light dinner, which is offered to them free of cost for a day. Apart from this, the hotel will have other facilities such as conference rooms, a bowling alley, banquet halls, a swimming pool and a restaurant. The interiors will be designed keeping the purp ose of the room in mind. All sorts of modern amenities will be installed for the comfort and pleasure of the customers. The restaurant of London Eye will comprise cuisines of various countries. This is made in order to ensure that international customers visiting the hotel are able to choose from a variety of dishes as per their tastes. This will provide customers with lot of choices under one roof from where they